Electric signaling and electropneumatic train-control system.



PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

J. A. WHYTE. ELECTRIC SIGNALING AND ELEGTROPNEUMATIG TRAIN CONTROLSYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 5, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

J. A. WEYTE. ELECTRIC SICNALINC AND E LECTEOENECMATIC TRAIN CCNTECLSYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 5, 1964. A

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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PATENTED JULY 1I, 1,905.

J. A. WHY'IE. ELECTRIC SIGNALING AND ELECTROPNEUMA'I'IC TRAIN CONTROLSYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 5, 1904.

3 SHEETSr-SHEET 3.

Even/Lor 725, www..

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ffm/a( ma 1MM Marien fra'ries Patented July 11, 1905.

llafrnrir Ottica JOHN ALEXANDER WHYTE, OF TORONTO, CANADA.

SPECIFCATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 794,266, dated July 11,1905.

Application filed March 5, 1904. Serial No. 196,776.

To LZ/ wit/)rit it 7uur/y concern:

Be it known that l, JouN ALnxANnnn. WnY'rn, electrician, a subject ofthe King' of (irreat Britain, residing in the city et' Toronto, in thecounty ol: York, in the Province ol Ontario, Canada, have invented newand useful Improvements in Electric Signaling' and Electropiieinnatic'lrain-(lontrol Systems,of which the following is a specilicatioi'i.

My invention relates to improvements in electric signaling' andeleetropneumatic traincontrol systems of the normal-clear class; and oneobject ol my invention is to notify the engineer byelectrically-operated means within his cab when a rail or the wiring inhis block has been broken, when a switch is open therein, when acurrent-cowlucting obstruction or train is within his block, and whenthe electrically-operated means within his cab is itselll ont of order.

Another object is to enable the station agent to signal the engineer'ot' an inbound and outbound train.

A still further object is to provide electropneuinatic means within thocab l"or automatically applying the air-brake when the engineer neglectsto obey signals.

'.lhe invention consists,essentially, in dividi ing' the track into aseries ol blocks, each block comprising a third rail or trolle -wiredivided into insulated sections, in dividing the lirst track-rail intoinsulated sections, (preln'ably ot same length as third-rail ortrolley-wire sections.) in utilizing the second t1'acl\'rail as a commonconductor for all the blocks, in suitably wiring the proper insulatedsections ot' the third rail or trolley-wire and said irst track-rail toeach other and to said second track-rail, in completing the circuit bymeans ol the train, and in providing electrically-operated means withinthe engineers cab whereby he will be notilied of the condition o't' theblock he is in or ot' the said electrically-operated means itself.

lVly invention further consists in combining with the al)ove-enumerated.elements electropneumatic means situated in the engineei"s cab forautomatically applying' the air-b 'ake when the engineer neglects toobey signals.

My invention further consists in providing a suitablecircuit-controlling means and an annunciator in the station and wiringsame to the inbound station-block and outbound station-block and to saidsecond track-rail. whereby the presence o1u a train in the block stationmay be indicated or by means ol: which the station agent may signal theengineer of said train The drawings illustrate one track ot' a doubletrack, and the trains are all supposed to be traveling eastward. Thetrack tor trains traveling westward will of course be a d uplicate olthe track shown. 'lhe current is always liowing through part et' theapparatus in the engineers cab and the block in circuit with said partol the aliiparatus when the said part ot' the apparatus and the blocksare in working order. The blocks are preferably a mile in leugtl'l, madeup of sections of haltl a mile, the current always liowing through theblock in advance ot' the train. The cab is the source ot electricalenergy.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view o't' my track divided into blocks,showing' a train thereon. Fig'. .2 is a similar view showing the stationwired to the inbound station-block and to the outbound station-block andto second trackrail, the same being' in circuit with a through train.Fig'. 3 is a similar view showing the station in circuit with a throughtrain and also showing suitable wiring and switches for controlling thecircuit at switch centers. Fig. 4t is a similar view showing the stationin eircuit with a train, the station agent having signaled the engineerto stop in the inbound station-block. Fig. 5 is a similar view showing'the station in circuit with a train, the station agent having' signaledthe engineer to pass through. Fig. 6 is a similar' view showing' thestation in circuit with 'a train, the station agent having signaled theengineer to stop in the lirst block westot' the inbound station-block.Fig. 7 is asimilar' view showing the station in circuit with an outboundtrain, the station agent having signaled the engineer to stop in theoutbound stationblock. Fig'. 8 is a Vfront elevation of theelectrically-operated signaling means used in the engineei"s cab andelectrolmeumatic means lor applying the air-brake. Fig. 9 1s in part IOOa side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 8, parts being removed and avertical section being' taken on the line a I). Fig. 10 is an enlargedfront elevation of the casing containing the station mechanism. Fig'. 11is an enlarged detail of parts shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 7, showing an alternative controlling means whereby thestation agent signals an outbound train to stop in the outboundstation-block. Fig. 13

is an enlarged detail View in perspective of' parts shown in Fig. 9; andFig. 14 is a diagrammatic view of an electric trolley-road divided intomy blocks, showing a trolley-car thereon.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate correspondingparts in each figure.

When the train or electric car is to pass through, its approach to thestation will operate the distant semaphore in the station first when itenters the home portion of its (the trains) block (see Figs. 2 and 5)and then opcrate the home semaphore of the station when it (the train)enters the inbound station-block (See Fig.

Eleetropneumatic means for operating the air-brake mechanism is notshown in the diagrammatic views, as the electricallyoperated means forsignaling the condition of the block to the engineer or motorman willoperate independent thereof.

The track is divided into a series of blocks of any desired length. Thefirst track-rail A is divided into a series of insulated sections, whilethe second track-rail D is not divided into sections and is used as acommon path for the return-current of the several blocks. Preferably(though not essentially) situated between the rails A and D is thethird. rail E, which is divided into insulated sections, preferably ofthe same length as the insu-lated sections of the first track-rail A. Asingle block consists of one of the sections E' of the third rail;section A2 of the first tracl -rail; the wiring B,connecting the sectionE to the section A2; the wiring C, connecting the section A2 with thesecond track-rail D, and the portion of the second track-rail D frompointb` where the wiring C connects therewith, back to the train. Atrain is shown to be in circuit with the block just described, and thepath of the current will be shown by arrows in full.

A3 represents insulating-points for the sections of'the first track-railA, and E2 represents insulating-points for the sections of the thirdrail E.

I preferably use a resistance-coil J in the wiring of each block, butmay dispense with same.

K represents the train or engineers cab, which is suitably provided withany suitable conducting-shoes L and M, which operate on the third railE. (Shown in con-tact with one of the sections E thereof.) The cab K isprovided with a source of electrical energy O',

an ordinary signal-magnet O, an electrical apparatus P, and anelectromagnet Q, both operated by an excessive current owing through thecircuit, the feed-wire R, and return-wire R', putting in circuit saidsource of electrical energy and devices in the cab with the block beforedescribed through the conducting'- shoes L and M, the current returningfrom second track-rail D through the aXle of the cab back to source ofelectrical energy O', as shown by full arrows in Fig. 1. From thedescription and illustrations it will be clearly understood that the.live block overlaps part (preferably one-half) of the preceding block.By following out the live block (shown by arrows in full in Fig. 1) andthe preceding dead block (shown by dotted arrows) the way the live blockoverlaps part of the preceding dead block will be clearly understood.The insulated sections F] of the third rail. together with theircorresponding length of second track-rail D adjacent thereto, constitutethe home portion of the block for the train,where as the insulatedsections A2 of' the first track.- rail A, together with theircorresponding length of second' track-rail D wired thereto, constitutethe distant portion of the block for train. In all cases the shoe Menters the block first, and, as shown, the shoe L must enter thereinsimultaneously with the locoby an excessive current flowing through thecircuit) and signal-magnet O are all in circuit with the block beforedescribed, through TOO the source of electrical energy O' b means lofthe feed-wire R and return-Wire R', the direction of the current beingshown by arrows. By reason of the constant How of current therethroughthe armature 4 of the signal-magnet O keeps the home semaphore 5 in theposition shown of normal clear counterbalancing the weight 6. Should thecircuit be broken, either by reason of' a defeet in the signal-magnet Oitself or by reason of the device Por electromagnet Q being electricallyout of' operation or by reason of a broken rail, an open switch, or fromany other reason, the cessation of current through said signal-magnet Owill cause the weight 6 to move the home semaphore 5, secured to thespindle 5' of said signal-magnet, into the position shown in dottedlines in Fig. 8, thus warning the engineer that there is danger in hisblock. Should a current-conducting obstruction, such as another train,be within the distant part of his block, as shown by dotted lines at R,Fig. 1, the circuit will be short# IIO circuited, taking the paththrough said obstruction, as shown by dotted arrows, back into the cab,as shown by arrows in full, thus causing an excess of current to flowthrough the apparatus l), which will cause the apparatus l) to operateso as to move its distant semaphore 7, secured to its spindle 8, up intothe position shown by dotted lines, Fig. 8, thus signaling the engineer.

Although l have shown the elcctromagnet Q, as being in the same circuitwith the signal-magnet O and the apparatus fl), it must be understoodthat for the performance of the operation before described saidelectromagnet Q is not necessary. VI preferably use the electromagnet Qwith the apparatus P, se that in case either one should be out of orderthe working one will operate the apparatus hereinafter described for thepurpose of applying the air-brake. The apparatus before described forcommunicating to the engineer the condition of his bleek will enable theengineer to take the necessary precautions; but in case he should beasleep the said apparatus alone will not apply the air-brake.

Aln order to automatically apply the airbrakes after the above-describedoperation of either of the apparatus O and l), I provide the following'means: 9 is any suitable clock mechanism suitably supported within thecasing A2. The minute-hand shaft 10 of said clock mechanism is extendedout through suitable supports and is provided at its outer end with theminute-hand 11. In Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown three electromagnets 12,13, and 14, which are operated consecutively in order to permit air toescape from their respective air-pipes 15, 16, and 17, which areconnected to the train-pipe18 by any suitable coupling 19, and thusgradually apply the air-brakes. l of course may use only one of theseeleetromagnets, and the description of the operation of one will do forall. In order to enable the said elcctromagnets 12, 13, and 14 tooperate the air-brakes at different times, suitable mechanism isprovided, and as themechanism for each magnet is the same inconstruction and operation the description of that for one magnet willdo for all. Surrounding the minute hand shaft 10 is a sleeve 20, whichis prevented from rotating by any suitable attachment 21, secured to thecasing A2, which houses the said signaling apparatus andair-brake-applying mechanism. Keyed to the sleeve 25, which has freemovement round the sleeve 20, is an insulated disk 26. The distance ofthe circuit-conducting portion of the disk 26 from the brush 34 forsame, Fig. 11, represents the time elapsing between the operation ofeither of the apparatus O and P and the application of the airbrake bythe magnet 12. The overseeing engineer will time the application of theairbrakes forsaid electromagnets to operate at anydcsired time after theoperation of either of the signaling apparatus before described or theelectromagnet Q, by mechanism hereinafter described. 1f there is an opencircuit, the movement of the home semaphore 5 in to the dotted positionshown in Fig. 8 will, by means of the crank-arm 27, secured to orforming part of its spindle 5', resting in the bottom of the slot 28,formed in the rod 29, (which rod is held so as to have the necessaryvertical movement,) move the said rod 29 down in the direction indicatedby arrow, thus moving the contact-piece 30 (secured to the spindle 55 ofthe electromagnet Q) out of contact with the cscapement-wheel 31 of theclock mechanism, permitting the clock to opcrate.

33 is a pinion having' movement on the minute-hand shaft 10 by means ofthe usual ratchet 33, keyed to said minute-hand shaft 10, and the pawl33, securedto said pinion and engaging said ratchet. By the operation ofthe minute-hand shaft and by means of the said pawl and ratchet thepinion 33 is moved round, thus moving the brush-holder 32, securedthereto, round in the direction indicated by arrow in Fig. 11, so as tobring the'brush 34 in contact with the metal strip 35, secured to theinsulated disk 26, thus closing the circuit 'lrom the battery 36,through the feedwire37, to the brush 39, held in any suitablebrush-holder40,through the commutator-disk 42, keyed to the minute-handshaft 10, thence by the wire 43 to the metal strip 35 of the insulateddisk 26, thence through the brush 34, wire 44, to the cemmutator-disk46, keyed to the min utc-hand shaft, then to the brush 47, wire 4S, tothe electromagnet 12, returning back through the wire 3S to the battery36, the described circuit being shown by arrows. The current passingthrough the electromagnet 12 attracts its armature 49, thus by means ofits valve 50, secured to the spindle 51, secured to the armature 49,opening passageway 52, thus permitting air to escape from the air-pipe15 through the coupling 53 and out of same by means of the port 54, thisoperation reducing the ai r-pressure a certain amount and allowing theair-brake to be applied.

During the operation of the signal-magnet O in depressing the rod 29 itwill be seen upon reference to Fig. 13 that the spindle 8 of theapparatus l) is not operated upon, because its crank-arm S rests in thebottom of a slot 89', formed in said rod 29. The clock mechanism 9 ofcourse will continue to operate until stopped by the mechanism new to bedescribed.

When the brush 34 is being moved in the direction indicated by arrow inFig. 11, the operation of the pinion 33 will depress the toothed rack 55in mesh therewith (which toothed rack is held in suitable brackets 56)down in the direction indicated by arrow. Should the engineer not returnthe brush 34 to normal, the operation of the clock .mechlOO IIO

anism will depress the toothed rack 55 down to the limit of its movementand same will then stop the clock mechanism. 58 is any suitablevalvewhich controls the supply of air from the train-pipe 18 into thepipes 15, 16, and 17. The stem 57 of this valve eX- tends out and isprovided with a handle 59, by means of which the engineer may operatesame. In order to cut oi'i" the supply of air through the pipes 15, 16,and 17, to stop the clock mechanism, to return the brush-holder 32 backto normal, to return the rod 29 to normal, and to temporarily open thecircuit for the apparatus O, P, and Q, the engineer moves the valve-stem57 in the direction indicated by arrow, thus 'closing the valve 58 andbringing the arm 60, secured to said valve-stem. in contact with thecontact-piece 30, secured to the spindle 55, moving sarn'e back tonormal and holding it in Contact with the escapement-wheel 81, thusstopping the clock mechanism 9. After said clock mechanism has beenstopped the cam 61, secured to the valve-stem 57, abuts the toothed rack55, moving same upward into the position shown in full lines in Figs. 8and 9, thus returningthe brush-holder 82 and brush 34 into the positionshown in Fig. 11, thus opening the circuit for the magnets 12, 13, and14E. rIhis opening of the circuit enables the spring to move the valve50 back to normal, preventing escape of air from pipe 15. The armature49 is also returned to normal by said spring. As the rod 29 normallyrests upon the contact-piece 30, same is returned to normal when saidcontact-piece is returned to normal. Asthehomesemaphore was moved intothe dotted position shown in Fig. 8 by reason of the open circuitthe-movement ot' the rod 29 back to normal by means of the crankarm 27,resting in its slot 28, returns the home semaphoreback to normal. Justafter the arm 60 has returned the contact-piece 30 back to normal, so asto stop the escapementwheel 31, any suitable switch mechanism 62,secured in partto valve-stem 57, is operated, so as to open the circuitVfor the apparatus O, P, and Q. Having returned the parts to normal theengineer returns the valve-stem 57 to normal, thus opening the valve 58and returning the arm 60 and cam 61 back to normal and closing thecircuit controlled by this switch 62, thus putting the apparatus incondition for signaling. It' the circuit has been short-circuited andthe apparatus P be in working order, the distant semaphore 7 will bemoved up into the dotted position shown in Fig. 8, and its crank-arm 8',operating in the slot 82, will depress the rod 29, overcoming theresistance of the spring' 54C of the electromagnet Q, thus moving thecontactpiece 30 out of contact with the escapementwheel 31 andpermitting the clock mechanism 9 to operate, and thus apply the airbrakeby means of the electromagnet 12, as

before described. When the rod 29 is being moved back to normal afterthe operation of the mechanism P, the crank-arm 8l of same operating inthe slot 82 will be operated, so as to return thc distant semaphore 7back to normal. As the mechanisms for timing the operation of thcair-brake by the magnets are the same for all, the description of onewill be sufficient.

22 is any suitable spindle, to the inner end of which is keyed agear-wheel 23, which meshes with the gear-wheel 241, secured to orforming part of the sleeve 25.

From the drawings and description it will be understood that theinsulated disk 26 is controlled in its movement by the gear-wheels 23and 24 and is of course held normally stationary. The overseeingengineer has set the insulated disk 26 (see Fig. 11) so that theelectromagnet 12 will apply the air-brake within eight seconds after theoperation of the apparatus O and P and Q---that is, the brush 311v willmake contact with the metal strip 35 of the insulated disk 26 andcomplete the circuit be fore described, thus enabling the magnet l2 toapply the air-brake. In case the apparatus P should be out of order, asbefore mentioned, an excessive current v[iowing through the magnet Qwhen the circuit has been shortcircuited will cause its armature 56 tobe attracted, thus overcoming the resistance of the spring 54,r andbring the contact-piece 30 out ol: contact with the escapement-wheel 31,permitting the clock mechanism 9 to operate. The depression of thecontact-piece 30 by the solc operation of the magnet Q will enable therod 29 to be moved down by gravity. Of course at all times the rod 29rests upon the contact-piece 80. By reason of the slots 28 and 82 insaid rod its downward movement will not interfere with the indication ofthe home semaphore 5 nor the distant semaphore 7.

From the operation just described it will be understood that when theapparatus P is out of order and the circuit has been short-circuited noindication of same by the semaphore 7 will be made, but the magnet Qwill operate to release the clock mechanism, so that the air-brakes maybe applied. rIhe distance ot' the circuit-conducting portion of the disk26 'from the brush 84 Vfor same, Fig. 11, represents the time elapsingbetween the operation o't' the magnet Q (when the apparatus P is out oforder and the circuit has been short-circuited) and the application ofthe airbrake by themagnet 12. When the mechanism P and the magnet Q areboth in working order and the circuit has been short-circuited, bothwill of course operate to release the esca1,)ementwheel 31. The spring54e', it will be understood, maintains the contact-piece 30 and rod 29at normal at all times.

In order to visually indicate to the engineer when the air-brakemechanism will be applied IOO by the magnets, I provide mechanismsimilar to the following for each magnet.

I shall describe the mechanism for visually indicating the time ot'operation of the electromagnet 12, which operates in connection with theinsulated disk 26.

64 is a gear-wheel keyed to the spindle 22 and meshing with thegearwheel 65, secured to or forming part of the sleeve 66, which hasfree movement round the sleeve 20. On the end of the sleeve 66 is a hand67. By turning the spindle 22 in the direction indicated by arrow inFig. 8 the overseeing engineer has set the hand 67 so that the magnet 12will apply the ai r-brake in eight seconds after the operation of theapparatus O, 1, and Q. The brush-holder 32 at normal position (see Fig.1l) occupies the same vertical position as the minute-hand 11. As theclock mechanism operates the minute-hand 11 and brush-holder 32 aresimultaneously moved round tothe right, and immediately the minute hand11 indicates eiglit seconds the brush 34 is brought in contact with themetal strip 35, as before described, thus closing the circuit to theelectromagnet 12. The elcctromagnet 13 has been set to apply theair-brake in twelve seconds, as shown by its hand (3S, the distance ofwhich from Zero corresponds to the distance of the brush 69 from thecontact-strip T() of the insulated disk 71, (see Fig. 11,) and theelectromagnet 14 has been setto apply the air-brake in fifteen seconds,as shown by its hand 73, the distance of which from zero corresponds tothe distance ofthe brush 74 from the contact-strip 75 of the insulateddisk 76.

As before mentioned, 1 provide any suitable circuit-controlling meansand an annunciator in the station. The inbound stationblock E is thesection of track extending w est from the station to the firstinsulation-points Nz and E2, and the outbound station-block E" is thesection of track extending cast from the station to the lirstinsulation-pointsA and E2. Upon referring to the drawings it will beseen that the blocks E and E' arc shorter than the blocks beforedescribed. The circuitcontrolling means T, situated in thestation T', iswired to the sections A2 by means of wires U and V and is wired tothesections E' by wires V and V and is wired to the second trackrail l)by wire V. The circnit-controlling means shown consists ofa spindle T,to which is secured suitable insulated disks. As shown in Fig. 4, thecircuit-controlling means T is at normal, and as a consequence theengineer of an inbound train lnust stop in the block E. By following thecircuit from the section of the third rail E through the. wire V,secured thereto, it will be seen that the brush rests in contact withthe insulated portion of the disk 15,' thus opening the circuit. Theopeningl of the circuit will ot' com'se operate the signaling-magnet Oin the engineers cab, as before described. As shown in Fig. 5, the

station agent has operated the circuit-controlling apparatus T so thatthe engineer of an inbound train may be notitied that he is to passthrough the station. Vhcn the inbound train is in the block Wimmediately west of the block E, the circuit will travel in thedircction indicated by arrow through the' wire U. connected to one ofthe sections A2, through the brush t in contact with thecircuit-conducting'portion t3 of the insulated disk it,

'thence through the wire t, through the'signal-magnet t, operating thedistant semaphore l of same up into the position shown, (thus signalingthe station agent the position of the inbound train,) from the saidsignal magnet through the wire t7 and brush s to the circuitconductingportion t" of the insulated disk tm, thence through the wire t downtothe section A2 of the first track-rail A, through the wire C to thesecond track-rail D,

and back to the locomotive without having any cifcct upon theaiiiparatus therein. lVhen the train comes into the block E3, thecurrent flows through the wire V in the direction indicated by dottedarrows, following the course shown through the apparatus T to the homesignal-magnet t, operating the home semaphore zmof same into theposition shown in Fig. 3, thus signaling the station agent the positionof the train, the circuit being completed, as shown by dotted arrows,back to train, the current havingl no effect on the apparatus in thecab. As shown in Fig. 6, the station agent has operated thecircuit-controlling mechanism T so as to signal the engineer ot' aninbound train in the block W to stop in said block. By following thecircuit Vfrom the train through the track to the wire U, as shown byarrows, through the apparatus T it will be seen that the current passesfrom the wire U to the wire n, through the brush u in contact with thecircuit-conducting portion fa of the insulated disk 25H, through thewire 5 to the signal-magnet t, operating the distant semaphore (l ot'same up into the position shown, thence by the wire t7 through the brushs in contact with the circuit-conducting portion a of the insulated diskt1", through thc wire t to the wire V3, thence to the track-rail D, thusshort-circuiting the circuit and causing either the apparatus l. or Q,in the cab, or both of them, to operate as before described. In case thestation agent wishes to stop an outbound train still in circuit with thesection V" (see Fig. 7) of the third rail E he operates thecircuit-controlling means T, so that the current will flow back 'fromsaid section V", through the wire V2, to the signal-magnet t, operatingthe home semaphore tl into the position shown, thence by the wirc if tothe brush v/in contact with the circuit-conducting portion f//fi of theinsuiated disk 1", thence by the wire t to the circuit-conductingportion n o'f the insulated disk tm, through the brush u and Ywire 152",

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down to the wire V, thence through the second track-rail D, thusshort-circuiting the circuit and causing the apparatus P or Q, or both,to operate as before described. In Fig. 7, although the distantsemaphore 7 in the engineers cab will be operated by reason of theshort-circuiting of the circuit, the home semaphore 13 will be operatedin the station.

In order to prevent the operation of the home semaphore 12 and thedistant semaphore 7 when the train is in the position described in Fig.7, I have provided an alternative construction of the circuit-conductingmeans T, (shown in Fig. 12,) so that only the home semaphore 5 in theengineers cab will be operated. The train being in the block E1, Fig.1Q, the current flows back through the wire a, as shown by arrows infull, to the wire 20, to the brush luf in contact with the insulatedportion of the disk tu', thus opening the circuit and causing thesignal-magnet O to opcrate.

The end of the shaft T2 has any suitable pointer T, which operates tothe right, as shown by arrows, bearing on its face the words "Homef7Distantf L"I`hrough,7 and Emergency. When the station agent wishes tosignal the engineer as before described, he operates the indicator T lto any of the above words.

Upon referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that I have provided anysuitable wiring for overcoming the switch-centers Y. These switchcentersof course cause a break in the trackcircuit, and I must provide suitablewiring to overcome same. The shoes L and M will of course be wide enoughapart in actual practice so as to bridge these dead-centers Y. It willof course be understood that if there were no switches or trackscrossing the track described it would not be necessary for me to use twoshoes. A suitable switch mechanism is shown, which in case the trainwere to be switched off onto the crossover j operates so as to throw theportionof the track the train is on in circuit with thesaid crossover.as will be clearly understood. By means of the wire Z the current passesthrough the switch ffl, through the wire Z', joining the third-railsection E at 2, thence by means of the wire V' to and through thestation T', as shown by dotted arrows, Fig. 5, and back by the wire V2,following out the further circuit through the track and wiring, as shownby arrows, to the point l, then bythe wire l" back through the switch t'to the wire Z, thence to the second track-rail D back, as shown byarrows, to the cab, the circuit being completed, as shown by arrows,through the section E'. The station agent has in Fig. 3 operated hismechanism T so that the engineer will pass through the station. Thestation agent has also operated his mechanism T in Fig. 2 so that thetrain will pass through, the circuit having been described in Fig. 5.

I of course do not confine myself to using the electromagnet Q, butpreferably use same, so as to insure the operation of the magnets 12,13, and 14 should the apparatus P be out of order. Neither do I confinemyself to any particular means for completing the circuit to theelcctromagnets 12, 13, and 14 after the operation of the signalingapparatus O and P and the magnet Q.

It will be understood that I may dispense with the means shown anddescribed whereby the engineer times the application of theelectromagnet and the mechanism by which he visually indicates to theengineer when said magnet will apply the airbrakes. Neitherl do Iconfine myself to any particular circuit-controlling means andannunciator for use in the station.

If desired, I may only use one source of electrical energy for theapparatus O, I), and Q and the magnets used for applying the airbrakes.

I have described thc circuits through the station and blocks merely forexplanatory purposes and of course do notconiine myself to the wiringshown.

I do not confine myself to using the third rail divided into insulatedsections in connection with the tracks A and D, as I will use anoverhead-trolley wire insulated into sections in connection withelectric railroads. Upon referring to Fig. 14 it will be seen that crepresents an electric car which is provided with the source ofelectrical energyO', apparatus I) and O, and wiring R and R.' c' is anysuitable contact-arm or trolley-wheel which is held in contact with thetrolley-wire 02, which is divided into the sections c3. To convey thecurrent for operating the electric car, of course any suitable conductormay be used, such as a trolley-wire ci. c represents the usual supportsfor the wires c2 and c2. The insulated sections c2 of the trolley-wirec2 are preferably of the same length as the insulated sections A2. Thesections c2 will be wired to the sections A2 by the wiring' B, and thesections A2 will be wired to the second track-rail D by the wiring C.The sections c2 of the trolley-wire c2 are insulated from each other, asshown at c". From this description it will be understood that theinsulated sections c2 of the trolley-wire 02 correspond to the insulatedsections E of the third rail E. Of course any suitablecircuit-controlling means and annunciator will be used in connectionwith the block as constructed for electric roads.

I further claim the combination with Amy block of anyelectrically-operated means or air-brake-applying apparatus for thepurpose set forth.

The electrical apparatus P may be an electromagnet or an ampere-coil orany electrical apparatus that will operate when more than the usualcurrent is passing through the circuit.

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That I claim as my invention is- In a system ot' the class described, ablock comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is dividedinto a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the tirsttrackrail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor `for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the immediately preceding insulated section of said [irsttrackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said immediatelypreceding section of said first track-rail to the said secondtrack-rail.

2. In a system of the class described, a block comprising one insulatedsection of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulatedsections; an insulated section, ot the first trackrail which is dividedinto a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail 4used as acommon conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting thesaid insulated section ot the said conductor to the immediatelypreceding insulated section of said iirst track-rail; suitable wiringlor connecting the said immediately preceding section of said [irsttrackrail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block.

3. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided in toa series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail, andsuitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means in saidcab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose ofindicating to the engineer when the circuit is open, and means forcompleting' the circuit between said block and said source of electricalenergy.

4. In a system ot' the class described the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into aseries ol'l insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all rthe blocks;suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot said lirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in thewiring vfor said block, ot' a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuittherewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to theengineer when the circuit is open, and means for completing the circuitbetween said block and said source of electrical energy.

5. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulatedsection or' a conductor which is divided into aseries ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the tirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used asa common conductor for all the blocks; suitablewiring Vfor connecting the said insulated section of the said conductorto the said insulated section ol the said lirst track-rail, and suitablewiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab incircuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit is open;means for completing the circuit between said block and said source otelectrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor applying the ai r-brake; a source of electrical energy for sameseparate from blockcircuit, and means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby whensaid electricallyoperated means is operated by an open circuit, saidelectropneumatic means will be operated Vto apply the ai r-brake.

6. In a system ot the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries o'tl insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirsttrack-'rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring vfor connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in thewiring for said block, of a source ot' electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block operated when the circuit is open; means for completingthe circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the trai n-pipe for applying theair-brake; a source ot' electrical energytor same separate fromblock-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated meansand said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically-operatedmeans is operated by an open circuit said electropneumatic means will beoperated to apply the airbrake.

7. In a system of the class described the combination with a blockcomprising' one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided intoa series of insulated sections; an insulated ICS section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block. of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab, electricallyoperated means in said cabin circuit therewith and withsaid block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing' thecircuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separatefrom block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operatedmeans operated when the circuit is open, and means'intermediate saidelectrically-operate ;l means operated when the circuit is open, andsaid circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means, wherebysame is set in operation to complete the circuit for saidelectropneumatic means.

8. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections;tliesecond track-rail used as acommon conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said li rst trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail tothe said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab, electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completingthe circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source of elec- 'trical energy for sameseparate from blockmeans, and returning said circuit-controllingmeansfor said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuitfor same.

9. In a system oiA the class described the combination with a blockcomprising `one insulated section of aconductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insu-lated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said tirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring 'for said block, of a source oi' electrical energy placed in thecab; electricallyoperated means in said cabin circuit therewith and withsaid block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing thecircuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy -for same separatefrom blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectropneumatic means after the operation otl saidelectrically-operated means, operated when the circuit is open; meansintermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuitis open, and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumaticmeans, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit 'forsaid electropneumatic means, and means' for timing when saidcircuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means will close thecircuit.

10. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, ota source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completingthe circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source ot' electrical energy for same separatefrom block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operatedmeans, operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate ITO saidelectrically operated means operated when the circuit is open, and saidcircuitcontrolling means f'or said electropnemnatic means, whereby sameis set in operation to complete the circuit for said electrol'meumaticmeans; means for timing when said circuitcontrolling' means fior saidelectropneumatic means will close the circuit, and means for cutting ofithe supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning saidcircuitcontrolling' means for said electropneumatic means back to normalso as to open circuit fior same.

1l. In a system oit' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising' one insulated section oi'l a conductor which is divided intoaseriesof insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring fior connecting' the said insulated section of saidfirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil inthe wiring' for said block, of a sourcel of? electrical energy placed inthe cab; electrically-v operated means in said cab in circuit therewithand with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means forconmleting the circuit between said block and said source ot' electricalenergy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for thepurpose of applying' the air-brake; a source of electrical energy vforsame separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closedfor said electropneumatic means after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means, operated when the circuit is open; meansintermediate said electrically operated means operated when the circuitis open, and said circuitcontrolling' means for said electropneumaticmeans, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit Yforsaid electropueumatic means; means for timing when saidcircuitcontrolling' means for said electroimeumatic means will close thecircuit; means 'for cutting' ofi the supply ot' air to saidelectropneumatic means, and Fcturniug' said circuit-controlling' meansVfor said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuitfor same, and means connected with said timing' means 'for saidcircuit-controlling means vffor said electropneumatic means whereby thetime o'f" operation of said circuit-controlling means for saidelectropneumatic means will be visually indicated.

l2. In a system ot' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring' for connecting said insulated section otl the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section oi' saidfirst track-rail to the said second trackrail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annu nciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring' Vfor said block, of a source of:electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated sig'naling'means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for thepurpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open, andmeans for completing the circuit between said block and said source oielectrical energy.

13. In a system oi the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising' one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; au insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring' for connecting' said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track rail; circuit controlling` meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling' means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring' for said block, of a source of electricalenerg'y placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab incircuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit is open;means for completing the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energ'y; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor applying' the air-ln'ake; a source of electrical energy for sameseparate from block-circuit, and means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby whensaid electrically operated means is operated by an open circuit, saidelectropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

14:. 1n a system oi: the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising' one insulated section of: aconductor which is divided intoaseries ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring' for connectingsaid insulated section otl the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second trackrail; circuitcontrolling' meansplaced in the station and wired to said IOO IIO

block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with saidcircuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for saidblock, of a source of' electrical energy placed in the cab,electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and withsaid block, operated when lthe circuit is open; means 'for completingthe circuit between said block and said source ofl electrical energy;elcctropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe f'or the purposeof' applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for sameseparate from blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectropneumatic ymeans after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuitis open, and meansintermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuitis open, and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumaticmeans, whereby same is set'in operation to complete the circuit `forsaid electropneumatic means.

15. In a system oi the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the [irsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiringfor connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said irsttrack-rail to the said second track rail; circuitcontrolling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of' a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in said cab incircuit therewith and with said block, operated A of' electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy 'for same separatefrom blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operatedmeans operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open, and saidcircuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby sameis set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumaticmeans; and means for cutting off the supply ofl air to saidelectropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means forsaid electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit forsame.

16. 1n a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, ofl the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring Vfor connecting said insulated section of' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail,and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of saidfirst trackrail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling' means in saidcab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose ofindicating to the engineer when the circuit has been short-circuited,and means for completing the circuit between said block and said sourceof electrical energy.

17. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of' the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor f'or all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of' the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuittherewith and with said block for the purpose of' indicating to theengineer when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means forcompleting the circuit between said block and said source of electricalenergy.

18. 1n a system of' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of` insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail,and suitable wiring f'or connecting the said insulated section of saidfirst trackrail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab incircuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said block andsaid source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected withthe trainpipe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energyfor same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby whensaid electrically-operated means is operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, said electro- IOO pneumatic means will be operated toapply the air-brake.

19. In a system of the class described, the combination with ablockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is dividedinto a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a seiies of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring 'lorconnecting the said insulated section oi' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said li rst trackrail;suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section or' saidfirst track-rail tothe said second track-rail, and aresistance-coil inthe Wiring Afor said block, of a source ol electrical energy placed inthe cab; electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block operated When the circuit has been short-circuited;means for completing' the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pi pefor applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy r'or sameseparate from block-circuit,

' and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and saidelectropneumatic means whereby when said electrically operated means isoperated when the circuit has been short-circuited said electropneumaticmeans will be operated t0 apply lthe air-brake.

20. 1n a systemof the class described, the combination with a-blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided intoaseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section oi' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said ii rsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab, electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited;means for completing the circuit between said blocli and said source ot'electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energyfor same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit isclosed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and means intermediate said electrically-operated meansoperated when the circuit has been short-circuited, whereby same is setin operation to complete the circuit i'or said electropneumatic means.

21. 1n a system of the class described,` the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated Section, of the Iiirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring lor connecting the said insulated section ofthe saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirsttrack-rail to thc said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewi ring lor said block, ol a source of electrieal energy placed in thecab, electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited;means for completing the circuit between said block and s'aid source or'electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor the purpose of applying the air-brake; asource of electrical energyfor same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit isclosed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operatedwhen the circuit has been short-circuited` and said circuit-controllingmeans for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operationto complete the circuit ior said electropneumatic means; and means vforcutting oli' the supply of air to said electropneumatic means, andreturning said circuit-controlling means For said electropneumatic meansback to normal so as to open the circuit for same.

22. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; aninsulated section, ol the lirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series oi insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring Vfor connectingthe said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulatedfsection of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and aresistancecoil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operatcd means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited;means for completing the circuit between said blocli and said source ofelectrical mergelectropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe forthe purpose of applying' the ai r-brake; a source of electrical energyfor same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit isclosed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means, operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated meansoperated when the cir- TOO cuit has been short-circuited, and saidcircuitcontrolling means `for said electropneumatic means, whereby sameis set in operation to complete the circuit for said electroijmeumaticmeans, and means for timing when said circuit-controlling means for saidelectropneumatic means will close the circuit.

23. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of theirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections;the.

second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring t'or connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section ot' the said {irst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ol said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring For said block, oli a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith andwith said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited;means for completing the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energy; electropneumatie means connected with the train-pipefor the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source oill electricalenergy for same separate from block circuit; means whereby the circuitis closedilior said electropneumatic means after the operation of saidelectrically-operated means, operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuite .l; means intermediate said electrically-operated meansoperated when the circuit has been short-circuited and saidcircuit-controlling means for vsaid electropneumatic means, whereby sameis set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumaticmeans; means lor timingI when said circuit-controlling means for saidelectropneumatic means will close the circuit, and means for cutting oiithe supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and rcturningsaidcircuit-controllin g means for said electropneumatic means back tonormal so as to open circuit Vfor same.

24;. In a system of the class described, the

combination with a block comprising one insulated section,of aconductorwhich is divided into a series of insulated sections; aninsulated section, of the lirst track-rail which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a commonconductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the saidinsulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section ofthe said first track-rail; suitable wiring 'for connecting the saidinsulated section ot' said iirst track-rail to the said secondtrack-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of asource of electrical energ.Y placed in the cab; electrically-operatcdmeans in said eab in circuit therewith and with said block,

operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completingthe circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy;electropn'eunmtic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ofapplying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separatefrom block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for saidelectro.-

pneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means,operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited; means intermediatesaid electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and said circuit-controllingmean-s for saidelectropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete thecircuit for said electroimeumatic means; means for timing when saidcircuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will close thecircuit; means t'or cutting olil the supply ot' air to saidelectropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means lorsaid clectropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuit forsame, andmeans connected with said timing means for saidcircuitcontrolling means Ator said eleetropneumatic means whereby thetime of operation of said circuit-controlling means for saidelectropneumatic means will be visually indicated.

25. ln a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the irsttrack-rail which is divided .into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot' said irsttrack-rail tothe said second track-rail; circuitcontrolling means placedin the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station incircuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil inthe wiring for said block, of a source et' electrical energy placed inthe cab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuittherewith and with said bloclclor the purpose of indicating to theengineer when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means t'orcompleting the circuit between said block and said source of electricalenergy.

26. in a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ol insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor te the said insulated section of the said iirst trachrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirsttrack-rail to the said second track rail; circuitcontrolling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of

i a source ot electrical energy placed in the cab.;electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and withsaid block operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; meansvt'or completing the circuit between said block and said source otelectrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor applying the air-brake; a source oi electrical energy tor sameseparate trom block-circuit, and means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby whensaid electrically-olerated means is operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuitcd, said electropneumatic means will be operated to applythe air-brake.

27. ln a system otl the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section oll a cond uetor which is divided intoa series ot insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series oll insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks;suitable wiringl lor connectingl said insulated section et the saidconductor to the said insulated section ot' the said first track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting theI said insulated section otl said{irst trackrail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring 'for' said block, of a source o't'electrical energy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in saidcab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuithas been short-circuited; means lor completing the circuit between saidblock and said source ol electrical energy; electropneumatic meansconnected with the train-pipe tor the purpose ol applying the air-brake; a source ot electrical energy lor same separate Yfromblock-circuit; means whereby the current is closed lior said electropneumatie means a'lter the operation ot' said electrically-eoperatcd meansoperated when the circuithas been short-circuited, and meansintermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuithas been short-circuited, wherebv same is set in operation to completethe circuit for said electropneumatic means.

28. ,ln a system ot the class described, tbe combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ol a conductor which is divided into aseries ol insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ol insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulate d section ot the saidconductor to the said insulated section ot' the said lirst trackrail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said li rsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; .an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source ot' electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab incircuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit hasbeen short-circuited; means vfor completing the circuit between saidblock and said source ot' electrical energy; electropneumatie meansconnected with the train-pipe for the purpose ot applying the airbralce;a source ot' electrical energy tor same separate from block-circuit;means whereby the current is closed ior said electroi'ineumatic meansafter the operation ot' said electrically-operated means operated whenthe circuit has been short-circuited; means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and said circuit-controlling' ineans for saideleetropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete thecircuit for said electropneunmtic means, and means for cutting otl: thesupply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning saidcircuit-controlling means for said electrolimeumatic means back tonormal so as to open the circuit lor same.

29. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor Vfor all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said irsttrack-rail;suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section ot' saidrsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, ot' a source ol electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit isopen.l and electrically-operated signaling means operated when thecircuit has been shortcircuited, both placed in the cab and on samecircuit with said source ol electrical enerl)7 and with said block, andmeans Yt'or completing the circuit between said block and said source olelectrical energy.

30. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into aseries ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections;

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the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit isopen, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when thecircuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on samecircuit with said source et' electrical energy and with said block;means for completing the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy Vfor sameseparate from block-circuit, and means intermediate saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or whenthe circuit has been short-eircuited, and said electropneumatic means,whereby when said electrically-operated means operated when the circuitis open or has been short-circuited, operates, said clectropneumaticmeans will be operated to apply the air-brake.

31. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in thecab; electrically operated signaling means operated when the circuit isopen, and electrically-operated signaling means operated whenthecircuithas been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on samecircuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; meansfor completing the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipefor applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy foi-sameseparate vfrom block-circuit; means intermediate saidelectricallyoperated means operated when the circuit is open or when thecircuit has been short-circuited, and said electropneumatic means,whereby when said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuitis open or has been short-circuited, operates, said electropneumaticmeans will be operated to apply the air-brake.

32. In a system oit' the class described, the

second track-rail used as a common conductor A for allthe blocks;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said firsttrackrail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring vfor said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in theeab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit isopen, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when thecircuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on samecircuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; meansfor completing the circuit between said block and said source ofelectrical energy; electropneumatic 'means connected with the train-pipefor applying the ai r-brahe; a source of electrical energy for sameseparate from block-circuit; circuit-controlling means Vfor saidelectropneumatic means, means intermediate said electrically-operatedmeans Operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means whereby when the said electrically-operated means operatedwhen the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates saidcircuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will completethe circuit so that said electropneumatic means will be operated toapply the air-brake, and means for cutting off the supply ot' air tosaid electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controllingmeans for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open thecircuit for same.

33. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of aconductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into aseries ot' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor 'for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail;suitable wiring fior connecting [he said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in cir- .cuit with said circuit-controlling means, and

a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of asource of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling' meansoperated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signalingmeans operated when the circuit has been short-circuited,

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both'placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source ofelectrical energy and with said block, and means for completing thecircuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

34. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section oi' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond traclcrail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section of said [irsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and al'esistance-coil in the wiring for said block, el a source olielectrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signalingmeans operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operatedsignaling' means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited,both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source ofelectrical energy and wilh said block; means `for completing the circuitbetween said block and said source of electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying thevair-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate fromblock-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated meansoperated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has beenshort-circuited, operates, said eleetropneumatic means will be operatedto apply the air-brake.

35. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said [irst traclerail;suitable wiringfor connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail tothe said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically operated signaling means operatedwhen the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling meansoperated when the circuit has been short-circuited,

both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source ofelectrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuitbetween said block and said source ol' electrical energy;electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying theair-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate fromblock-circuit; means intermediate said electricallyoperated meansoperated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has beenshort-circuited, and said electropneumatic means, whereby when saidelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or hasbeen short-circuited, operates, said electropneumatic means will beoperated to apply the air-brake.

36. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the [irsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring 'for connecting said insulated section ol the saidconductor to the said insulated section ol the said lirst track-rail;suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section ol said [irsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and aresistance-coil in the wiring lor said block, of a source ol' electricalenergy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means operatedwhen the circuit is open, and electrically-operatcd signaling meansoperated when the circuit has been short-circuited, both placed in thecab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and withsaid block; means for completing the circuit between said block and saidsource of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with thetrain-pipe 'for applying' the air-brake; a source of electrical energyfor same separate from block-circuit; circuit-controlling means for saidelectropneumatic means; means intermediate said electrically-operatedmeans operated when the circuit is open or when the eircuit has beenshort-circuited, and said circuitcontrolling means for saidelectropneumatie means whereby when the said electrically-01')- eratedmeans operated when the circuit is open or has been short-eircuited,operates, said circuit-controlling means For said electropneumatie meanswill complete the circuit so that said electropneumatic means will beoperated to apply th i airbral e, and means Vfor cutting oil' the supplyot' air to said electropueumatic means, and returning saidcircuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means back to normalso as to open the circuit t'or same.

37. ln a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one in- IIO IZO

les

f sulat-ed section of a conductor which is divided into a series ofinsulated sections; an insulated section, of the i'irst track-railwhichis divided into a series ofinsulated sections; the secondtrack-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitableWiring for connecting said insulated section ot' the said conductor tothe said insulated section of the said iirst trackrail, and suitablewiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, of circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block.

38. In a system ot' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising' one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided intoa series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the irsttrack-rail which is dividedl into a series o't' insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor :for all the blocks;suitable wiring `tor eonnectingsaid insulated section of the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail, andsuitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, ot' circuit-controlling meansplaced in the station and wired to said block, and an annunciator in thestation in circuit with said circuit-controlling means.

39. ln a system o'l'l the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insu lated section ot' a conductor which is divided intoa series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections;` thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks;suitable wiring lor connecting' the said insulated section o'tl the saidconductor to the said insulated section ot' the said lirsttrackrail;suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section of said lirsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in thewiring tor said block, otl circuit-controlling means placed in thestation and wired to said block, and an annunciator in the station incircuit with said circuit-controlling means.

40. ln a system ol: the class described, the combination with a block,of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electropncumaticmeans in circuit therewith and connected with said train-pipe, and meansin circuit with said block operated when the circuit has been opened orshort-cireuited for the purpose of operating' said electropneumaticmeans so as to apply the air-brake.

4l. ln a system of the class described; the combination with thetrain-pipe, and a. valve controlling air-pressure in same, ot a normally deenergized magnet connected to said valve; means for energizing' saidnormally deenergized magnet so that it will operate said valve tocontrol air-1n'essure within said trainpipe, and means l'or timing theoperation ol said normally deenergized magnet.

42. In a system ot the class described, the

combination with the train-pipe, and a 'valve controlling air-pressurein same,ofanormally deenergized magnet connected to said valve; meansfor energizing said normally denergized magnet so that it will operatesaid valve to control ai r-pressure within said train-pipe; means fortiming the operation of said normally deenergized magnet,and means forvisually indicating when said normally deenergized magnet will operate.

43. In a system of the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated whenlhe circuit for sameis open, ot' normally deenergized electropneumatic means; a train-pipewith which said normally deenergized electropneumatic means isconnected; means intermediate said normally energized electricallyoperated means and said normally deenergized electropneumatic meanswhereby when said normally energized electricall-y-operated means isoperated by an open circuit, said normally deenergized electropneumaticmeans will be operated to apply the air-brake, and means for timing theoperation o't said normally dei-'inergized electropneumatic means.

44C. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated when theeircnit for sameis shert-cireuited, et' normally deenergized electropneumatic means; atrain-pipe with which said normally dei-'nel'gized electropneumaticmeans .is connected; means intermediate said normally energizedelectricallyoperated means and said normally deenergizedclectropneumatic means whereby when said normally energized electricallyoperated means is operated when the circuit has been short-circuited,said normally deenergized elcctropneumatic means will be operated toapply the air-brake, and means for timing the operation ot' saidnormally deenergized electropneumatic means.

45. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electricall y-operated means operated when the circuit vforsame is open; normally energized electrically-operated means operatedwhen the circuit tor same has been short-circuited, both ot' said meansbeing on the same circuit, of normally deenergized electropneumatiemeans; the train-pipe with which said normally deenef'- gizedclectropneumatic means is connected; means intermediate said normallyenergized electrically-olierated means operated when the circuit is openor when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said normallydenergized clectropneumatic means, whereby, when said normally energizedelectrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or hasbeen short-circuited operates, said normally denergizedelectrol'meumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake, andmeans for timing the operation of said normall y deenergizedelectropne'umatic means.

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46. In a system of the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for sameis open; normally energized electrically-operated means operated whenthe circuit for same has been short-circuited, both of said means beingon the same circuit, of normally denergized electropneumatic means; thetrain-pipe with which said normally denergized electropneumatic means isconnected; means intermediate said normally energizedelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or whenthe circuit has been short-circuited, and said normally denergizedelectropneumatic means, whereby, when said normally energizedelectrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or hasbeen short-circuited operates, said normally denergized electropneumaticmeans will be operated to apply the air-brake; means Jfor timing theoperation of said normally deenergized electropneumatic means, and meansfor visually indicating when said normally deenergized electropneumaticmeans will operate.

47. In a system of the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for sameis open; normally energized electrically-operatedmeans operated when thecircuit for same has been short-circuited, and a source of electricalenergy for same, both of said means being on the same circuit, ofnormally deenergized electropneumatic means; the

train-pipe with which said normally dener` gized electropneumatic meansis connected; a separate source of electrical energy for said normallydenergized electropneumatic means,means intermediate said normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is openor when the circuit has been short-circuited,and said normallydenergized electropneumatic means whereby, when said normally energizedelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or hasbeen short-circuited operates, said normally denergized electropneumaticmeans will be operated to apply the air-brake; and means for timing theoperation of said normally deenergized electropneumatic means.

48. In a system of the class described, the combination with normallyenergized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for sameis open; normally energized electrically-operated means operated whenthe circuit for same has been short-circuited, and a source ofelectrical energy for same, both of said means being on the samecircuit, of normally deenergized electropneumatic means; the train-pipewith which said normally denergized electropneumatic is connected; aseparate source of' electrical energy for said normally deenergizedelectropneumatic means; means intermediate said normally energizedelectrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or whenthe circuit has been short-circuited,and said normally denergizedelectropneumatic means whereby, when said normally energizedelectrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or hasbeen short-circuited, operates, said normally denergizedelectropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake; meansfor timing the operation of said normally denergized electropneumaticmeans, and means for visually indicating when the said normallydenergized electrol'ineumatic means will operate.

49. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section cfa conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section off the saidconductor to the said insulated section ofthe said first trackrail, andsuitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source o electricalenergy placed in the cab, electricallyoperated signaling means in saidcab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose ofindicating to the engineer when the circuit is open or when the circuithas been shortcircuited; electropneumatic means for applying theair-brake operated when said electrically-operated means operated whenthe circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, and means forcompleting the circuit between said block and said source of electricalenergy.

50. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the firsttrack-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; thesecond track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks;suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of' the saidconductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail, andsuitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said firsttrack-rail to the said second track-rail, of' a source ofl electricalenergy placed in the cab; electricallyoperated signaling means in saidcabin circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose ofindicating to the engineer when the circuit is open or when the circuithas been short-circuited; electropneumatic means for applying theair-brake when said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuitis open or has been short-circuited, operates; means for completing thecircuit between said block and said source of electrical energy, andmeans f'or timing the operation of said electropneumatic means.

51. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one in- IOO IOS

